Ethernet frame

A data packet on an Ethernet link is called an Ethernet frame. A frame begins with preamble and start frame delimiter. Following which, each Ethernet frame continues with an Ethernet header featuring destination and source MAC addresses. The middle section of the frame is payload data including any headers for other protocols "Internet Protocol" carried in the frame. The frame ends with a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check which is used to detect any corruption of data in transit. A data packet on the wire is called a frame and consists of binary data. Data on Ethernet is transmitted most-significant byte first, within each byte, however, the least-significant bit is transmitted first.

Ethernet on OSI model

The OSI model is the foundation of modern networking There are 7 layers. Each layer has unique responsibilities among them passing information to the layers above and below it.  The seven layers are: Physical, Data-link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application.

Hubs & Repeaters

Hubs and repeaters are basically the same, so we will be using the term "Hub" to keep things simple. Hubs are common today in every network.

Original Ethernet Cable (10Base5)

A type of standard for implementing Ethernet networks. 10Base5 is sometimes referred to as thicknet because it uses thick coaxial cabling for connecting stations to form a network. Another name for 10Base5 is Standard Ethernet because it was the first type of Ethernet to be implemented. 10Base5 supports a maximum bandwidth of 10 Mbps, but in actual networks, the presence of collisions reduces this to more like 4 to 6 Mbps. 10Base5 is based on the 802.3 specifications of Project 802 developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).

IEEE 802.3 Standard

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association (IEEE-SA) is an organization within IEEE that develops global standards in a broad range of industries, including: power and energy, bio-medical and health care, information technology, telecommunication, transportation, nanotechnology, information assurance, and many more.